Dictionaries

Index

qɑ˩ _c
qɑ˩ _a
qɑ˧˥
qæ˥
qæ˥
qæ˥
qæ˧do˧
qæ˧dzɯ˩
qæ˧ɻ˧
qæ˩ _a
qæ˩ _b
qæ˩di˩
qæ˧˥
qæ˧˥
qæ˩˥
qæ˩˥
qi˧qi˧
qo˥
qo˥
qo˧lo˧ʂv˥
qo˧lo˩
qo˧pv˧
qo˧pv˩
qo˧pv˩-ʐwæ˩ɖʐæ˩
qo˧tv˩
qo˩ _a
qo˩ho˧˥
qo˩qɑ˩
qo˩tv˩-lv˥
qv˧dzi˩
qv˧ɻ#˥
qv˧tɕi˥
qv˧ʈʂæ˧˥
qv˩ _a
qv˧˥
qv˩˥
qwɑ˧mæ#˥
qwæ˧
qwæ˧lo˧˥
qwæ˧ʁo#˥
qwæ˧ʂe#˥
qwæ˧ʂe˧lɑ˧bv˥
qwæ˧zo˧zo˩
qwæ˩ɖʐæ˩
qwæ˩~qwæ˧˥
qwæ˩ʂv˧˥
qwæ˧˥
qwæ˧˥
qwæ˩˥
qwɤ˧
qwɤ˧ _a
qwɤ˧ɭɯ#˥
qwɤ˩ _a
qwɤ˩pi˩
qʰɑ˥
qʰɑ˧-
qʰɑ˧
qʰɑ˧
qʰɑ˧dze˧
qʰɑ˧dze˧-hwæ˩-di˩
qʰɑ˧dze˧-lv˧
qʰɑ˧tɑ˧
qʰɑ˧-ʈʂʰɤ˧~ʈʂʰɤ˥
qʰɑ˩jɤ˩
qʰɑ˩ne˩
qʰæ˥
qʰæ˥
qʰæ˥
qʰæ˥
qʰæ˧
qʰæ˧ _b
qʰæ˧kʰwɤ#˥
qʰæ˧lo˧˥
qʰæ˧mi˧
qʰæ˧mo˩
qʰæ˧tv˧
qʰæ˧tɕʰi˧
qʰæ˧tɕʰi˧-ɬi˧dʑɯ˩
qʰæ˧ʈæ˧˥
qʰæ˧zo#˥
qʰæ˩
qʰæ˩ _a
qʰæ˩ _a
qʰæ˩bæ˩
qʰæ˩ʈv˩ɻæ˥
qʰæ˧˥
qʰæ˧˥
qʰæ˧˥
qʰæ˧˥
qʰæ˧˥
qʰæ˧˥
qʰo˧ _a
qʰo˧lo˧
qʰo˧mo˥
qʰo˩ _b
qʰo˩dv˧˥
qʰo˩mv˩
qʰo˩tv˧˥
qʰo˧˥
qʰo˧˥
qʰv˥
qʰv˥ _a
qʰv˧
qʰv˧
qʰv˧dʑɯ˥$
qʰv˧ɬi˧mi#˥
qʰv˧tʰv#˥
qʰv˩ɖɯ˩
qʰv˩ɖʐæ˩
qʰv˩~qʰv˧˥
qʰv˩tsʰi˧˥
qʰv˧˥
qʰv˧˥
qʰwæ˧
qʰwæ˧kʰwɤ#˥
qʰwæ˧ɭɯ˧
qʰwæ˧mi#˥
qʰwæ˧ʈɯ˥
qʰwæ˩
qʰwæ˩ _a
qʰwæ˧˥
qʰwæ˧˥
qʰwæ˧˥ _a
qʰwɤ˧
qʰwɤ˧ _a
qʰwɤ˧bi˩
qʰwɤ˧mi˥$
qʰwɤ˧pɤ˥$
qʰwɤ˧ʂe˩
qʰwɤ˧to˩
qʰwɤ˧tʰv#˥
qʰwɤ˧tsʰi˩
qʰwɤ˧zo˥$
qʰwɤ˩ _a
qʰwɤ˩ _a
qʰwɤ˩ɖɯ˩
qʰwɤ˧˥
qʰwɤ˧˥
qʰwɤ˧˥ _a

qɑ˩ _c classifier Tone: Lc. clf .armfuls . 量词 .抱 . classifier.: ʈʂʰɯ˧-qɑ˥; this armful; 这一抱; dze˧ɭɯ˧ ɖɯ˧-qɑ˩; a bundle of corn (cut cereals); 一垛小麦（收割时，将十束绑在一起成一垛）

qɑ˩ _a verb Tone: La. to cover. 盖. verb.: le˧-qɑ˩-ze˩; accomp _ pfv; 盖了; tʰi˧-qɑ˩-ze˩; dur _ pfv; dur _ pfv; ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˥ | tʰi˧-qɑ˥; to cover (a television set) with a piece of fabric (to protect it from dust); 用一块（布料）来盖（电视机，为了防灰）; hæ̃˧qʰv˥ | tʰi˧-qɑ˩!; At night, we cover (the television set with a piece of fabric)!; 晚上，（要）盖上！ / 我们晚上盖电视机（为了防灰）！; tso˧~tso˧ qɑ˥; to cover things; 覆盖东西

qɑ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_help. 帮助. verb.: tʰi˧-qɑ˧˥; dur; dur; qɑ˩~qɑ˧˥; red; 重叠：帮帮忙; hĩ˧ qɑ˩~qɑ˩; to help people; to go and work at someone else's place (e.g. during the harvest); 帮人，到别人家去工作（例如收庄稼的时候）; njɤ˧ no˧ qɑ˧~qɑ˥; I help you; 我帮你

qæ˥ verb Tone: H. to_displace. 搬. verb.: le˧-qæ˥; accomp; accomp

qæ˥ verb Tone: H. to_exchange. 换. verb.: le˧-qæ˥-ze˩; accomp _ pfv; 换了; dʑi˧hṽ˧ qæ˧; to change clothes; 换衣服; bɑ˩lɑ˩˥ | tʰi˧-qæ˥; to change clothes; 换衣服; qæ˧~qæ˧; red; 重叠：交换; qæ˧~qæ˧-ɻ˥; red inceptive; red inceptive; qæ˧~qæ˧-ɻ˧-ze˥; red inceptive pfv; red inceptive pfv; tso˧~tso˧ qæ˧~qæ˧; to exchange things; 交换东西; le˧-qæ˧~qæ˧(-ze˩); accomp red ( pfv ); accomp red ( pfv )

qæ˥ verb Tone: H. to_sculpt. 雕. verb.: le˧-qæ˥-ze˩; accomp _ pfv; 雕了; bæ˩bæ˩ qæ˥; to sculpt a flower; 雕花

qæ˧do˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kɤ˧˥ lumber. 木材. house.: ʑi˧mi˧-qæ˩do˩; lumber for the construction of the main building of a Na farm; 建主房的木材; ʑi˧qʰwɤ˧-qæ˧do#˥; lumber for the construction of a building; 建房子的木材

qæ˧dzɯ˩ noun Tone: L#. family_name. 一个姓. given name.: qæ˧dzɯ˩-ɻ˩; the /qæ˧dzɯ˩/ clan, the /qæ˧dzɯ˩/ family; |fv /qæ˧dzɯ˩/ 家族 /qæ˧dzɯ˩/ 家族; qæ˧dzɯ˩ | -tsʰɯ˧ɻ˧; the name of a person, containing both a family name: fv:/lqæ˧dzɯ˩/, and a given name: fv:/tsʰɯ˧ɻ#˥/; 一个人的名字：姓为|fv /qæ˧dzɯ˩/ ，名为|fv /tsʰɯ˧ɻ#˥/ /qæ˧dzɯ˩/ ，名为 /tsʰɯ˧ɻ#˥/

qæ˧ɻ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kɤ˧˥ lumber. 木材. house. Syn: qæ˧do˧

qæ˩ _a verb Tone: La. to_coax. 哄. verb.: zo˧ qæ˥; to coax a child; 哄孩子; le˧-qæ˧~qæ˥ | le˧-ʑi˧-kʰɯ˥; to put asleep by coaxing, to coax asleep; 哄睡着

qæ˩ _b verb Tone: Lb. to_cheat. 欺骗. verb.: hĩ˧ qæ˥-kv˩; sly, who is good at deceiving people; 狡猾、很能骗人的; hĩ˧ qæ˥ | ʐwæ˩˥; sly, who is good at deceiving people; 狡猾、很能骗人的; hĩ˧ qæ˥ mɤ˩-ɖo˩!; One must not cheat others! / One must not deceive people! (A precept taught by the main consultant's grandmother); 不要骗人！（这个信条，是发音合作人的祖母教的）; qæ˩-mɤ˩-ɖo˩˥!; One must not cheat (others)! / One must not deceive people! (A precept taught by the main consultant's grandmother); 不要骗人！（这个信条，是发音合作人的祖母教的）; mɤ˧-qæ˩; neg; 不骗; hĩ˧ qæ˥-tso˩~tso˩!; Shoddy stuff! (Literally: 'deceitful stuff!') (Context: a comment about thread of poor quality, bought at the market); 骗人的东西！（关于买来的一团线，质量不好）

qæ˩di˩ verb Tone: L. to_flick. 弹. verb.

qæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_burn.vt. 燃烧. verb.: mv˧ qæ˩-ze˩; the fire has started, the fire is blazing; a fire has caught; 火烧着了 / 着火了; mv˧ le˧-qæ˧˥ / mv˧ le˧-qæ˧-ze˥; the fire is burning; a fire has caught; 火在烧 / 着火了; mv˧ qæ˥-ɻ˩; the fire is burning; 火在烧 / 火烧着了; mv˧ qæ˥-ɻ˩ kʰɯ˩; to start a fire (as an act of destruction/war), to commit arson; （有人）放火; mv˧qæ˥-ɻ˩-hɯ˩; a fire has started; （有人）放火了！

qæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_suffer. 疼. verb.: bi˧mi˧ qæ˧˥; to have a stomach-ache; 肚子疼; ɬo˧kʰv˧ qæ˧˥; the waist hurts, the lower back hurts; 腰疼; ʁo˧qʰwɤ˩ qæ˩; to have a headache; 头疼

qæ˩˥ noun Tone: LH. oil. 油. food.

qæ˩˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ glue. 胶. object.

qi˧qi˧ adverb Tone: M. originally. 一开始. morphosyntax.

qo˥ verb Tone: H. to_kneel. 跪下. verb.

qo˥ verb Tone: H. to_love. 爱. verb.: mɤ˧-qo˧; neg; 不爱; zo˧mv˥zo˩ qo˩; to love (one's) children; 爱孩子; õ˧-hĩ˥ qo˩; to love one's family; 爱自己家人

qo˧lo˧ʂv˥ adjective well_behaved. 乖. adjective.

qo˧lo˩ adverb Tone: L#. inside. 里面. space. See: -qo˧lo˩

qo˧pv˧ adjective thirsty. 渴. verb.: qo˧pv˧-ze˧; pfv; 渴了; qo˧pv˧ mɤ˧-tʰɑ˧-ze˥; terribly thirsty; 渴得不行

qo˧pv˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: mi˩ cuckoo. 布谷鸟. animal.: qo˧pv˩-ɻwæ˩ | ɖɯ˧-ɲi˥; Ancestors' Day, Tomb-Sweeping Day, on the first day of the fifth month; literally: 'the day when the cuckoo sings'; 清明节。直译：“布谷鸟叫的那天”

qo˧pv˩-ʐwæ˩ɖʐæ˩ noun Tone: LM-. jay. 松鸦. animal.

qo˧tv˩ noun Tone: L#/LM. classifier: ɭɯ˧ fruit_stone. 果核. plant.: dʑi˧ʁo˩-qo˩tv˩; peach kernel; 桃子果核

qo˩ _a verb Tone: La. to_put_away. 放/储存. verb.

qo˩ho˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ gift_box. 礼盒. object.

qo˩qɑ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ mountain_pass. 垭口. natural environment.

qo˩tv˩-lv˥ noun Tone: L+H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ ball/lump. 团. object.: li˩-qo˩tv˥-lv˩; tea leaves compressed in bowl shape; 沱茶; li˩-qo˩tv˥-lv˩ | ɖɯ˧-qʰwɤ˧ tɕɤ˥; to make a bowl of tea, using tea leaves compressed in bowl shape; 煮一碗沱茶

qv˧dzi˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: dzi˩, ʝi˧ Masson_pine. 马尾松. plant.: qv˧dzi˩-lv˩~lv˩, | dzɯ˧ mɤ˧-ɖo˧!; One must not eat the seeds of Masson's pine! (It is poisonous); 马松树的果子，不要吃！（有毒）

qv˧ɻ#˥ noun Tone: #H. mountain_name. 永宁的一座山. place name.: qv˧ɻ˧-ʁo˧-qʰwɤ˥; the top of the /qv˧ɻ˧/ mountain; |fv /qv˧ɻ˧/ 山的山顶 /qv˧ɻ˧/ 山的山顶

qv˧tɕi˥ noun Tone: H#. spittle. 痰. body.

qv˧ʈʂæ˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ throat. 喉咙. body. voice. 声音.: ʈʂʰɯ˧ | qv˧ʈʂæ˧ dʑɤ˥!; (S)he has a beautiful voice.; 他嗓子好。; ʈʂʰɯ˧ | qv˧ʈʂæ˧˥ | ɖwæ˧˥ | dʑɤ˩˥!; (S)he has a really beautiful voice.; 他嗓子很好。

qv˩ _a verb Tone: La. to_wash_along. 冲走. verb.: le˧-qv˩ | le˧-po˧-tsʰɯ˧˥; to carry to a certain place, to wash along all the way to a certain place; 冲到某个地方; lv˧mi˧ | ɬi˧dʑɯ˩-ɳɯ˩ | qv˩˥.; The stones are carried (down into the plain) by (the strong current of) the river of Yongning.; 石头被永宁河水冲（到坝子）; dʑɯ˧-ɳɯ˧ | le˧-qv˩ | le˧-po˧-tsʰɯ˧-hĩ˥ | lv˧mi˧; stones carried over (to this place) by the stream; 水流冲下来的石头

qv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_frighten. 吓. verb.: hĩ˧ qv˩; to frighten people; 吓人; no˧ | hĩ˧ qv˩-zo˩! / ʈʂʰɯ˧-ɳɯ˧ | hĩ˧ qv˩-zo˩!; You frighten people! / He frightens people!; 你吓人！ / 他吓人！; ʈʂʰɯ˧ | njæ˩ qv˩-tsʰɯ˩˥!; He frightens people!; 他吓人！; njɤ˧ɳɯ˧ | ʈʂʰɯ˧ qv˩-bi˩!; I am going to frighten her/him!; 我要吓唬他一下！; tʰɑ˧-qv˧˥!; prohib; 别吓唬（人家）！

qv˩˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ handle. 把手. object.

qwɑ˧mæ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ middle_part_of_main_room. 主屋的中庭. house.

qwæ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: nɑ˧ mat. 床垫子. object.: qwæ˧mi#˥; large mat; 大床垫子

qwæ˧lo˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: kʰɯ˩ passageway. 小道. natural environment.: qwæ˧lo˧-qo˥ | gɤ˩tɕo˧ le˧-jo˩; to come by the small lane; 抄小道

qwæ˧ʁo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ bench_of_main_room. 主屋长凳. house.

qwæ˧ʂe#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: mi˩ bedbug. 臭虫. animal.

qwæ˧ʂe˧lɑ˧bv˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: mi˩ worm_sp.. 一种蠕虫. animal.

qwæ˧zo˧zo˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: pɤ˩ bench_of_main_room. 主屋的长凳. object.

qwæ˩ɖʐæ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ jaw. 颚. body.: qwæ˩ɖʐæ˩-qo˥-ɳɯ˩ | ʈʰæ˧˥; to masticate, to gnaw; 咬在嘴里

qwæ˩~qwæ˧˥ verb to_scratch. 抠痒. verb.: le˧-qwæ˧~qwæ˩-ze˩; accomp _ red pfv; accomp _ red pfv

qwæ˩ʂv˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: nɑ˧ bit_of_bridle. 马嚼子. object.: ʐwæ˧-kwæ˥ʂv˩; bit of a horse's bridle; 马嚼子

qwæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_dig. 挖. verb.: tv˧qʰv˧ qwæ˧˥; to dig a hole; 挖洞; ʈʂe˧ qwæ˩; to dig out the soil; 挖土; qʰæ˧lo˧ qwæ˥; to dig a ditch; 挖水沟; jɤ˩jo˥ qwæ˩; to dig out potatoes, to harvest potatoes; 挖洋芋; dʑɯ˩ qwæ˩˥; to scoop water; 舀水

qwæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_engrave. 雕刻. verb.: bæ˩bæ˩ qwæ˥; to engrave a flower; 刻花; qwæ˩~qwæ˧˥; red; 重叠; bæ˩bæ˩ qwæ˥~qwæ˩; to engrave flowers; 刻一朵花

qwæ˩˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ jaw. 嘴巴. body.

qwɤ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ fire_pit. 火塘. object.: qwɤ˧, | mv˧ kʰɯ˩-di˩!; The fire pit is the place where one puts fire / where one does a fire!; 火塘，就是升火的地方！

qwɤ˧ _a verb Tone: Ma. to_accuse. 告状. verb.: mɤ˧-qwɤ˧; neg; 不告状; hĩ˧ qwɤ˩; to accuse someone, to denounce someone; 告一个人; njɤ˧-ɳɯ˧ | qwɤ˧-bi˧!; I am going to denounce/accuse; 我要告状！; no˧ | le˧-qwɤ˧-hõ˧!; Go and denounce (him/her)!; 你去告状吧！; qwɤ˧~qwɤ˩; red; 重叠

qwɤ˧ɭɯ#˥ noun Tone: #H. campfire. 营火. house.: qwɤ˧ɭɯ˧-pʰɤ˧bɤ˥; the gifts offered to the ancestors, at the fireplace: even when building a campfire for one day only on the mountain, one offers a little food to the ancestors before beginning the meal (in the same way as is done at home); 敬给祖先的礼物：即使在山上升起篝火野餐，还是要像在家里一样，用餐前先敬给祖先一些饭。

qwɤ˩ _a verb Tone: La. to_grow. 生长. verb.: gɤ˩-qwɤ˥; to grow; 长大，生长; ʈʂʰɯ˧ | gɤ˩-qwɤ˥-ze˩!; (S)he has grown up! / (S)he has grown a lot! (About a child); 他长大了！（关于一个小孩）

qwɤ˩pi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ mouth. 嘴巴. body.: qwɤ˩pi˩-qo˩lo˥; inside the mouth; 嘴巴里; ko˩pi˩-ko˩lo˧; inside the mouth; 嘴巴里

qʰɑ˥ adjective Tone: H. bitter. 苦. adjective.

qʰɑ˧- adverb extremely. 多么/非常. morphosyntax.: qʰɑ˧-ɖɯ˧-hĩ˧; extremely big; 非常大; qʰɑ˧-ɖɯ˧-gv˧; extremely large; how large!; 非常大; qʰɑ˧-ʂwæ˧-gv˧; extremely tall; how tall!; 很高、非常高; qʰɑ˧-ʂwæ˧-mi˧zo˥; extremely tall; 很高; qʰɑ˧-ɖɯ˧-mi˧zo˥; extremely big; 很大

qʰɑ˧ pronoun Tone: M. how_many. 几、多少. morphosyntax.: hĩ˧ | qʰɑ˧-kv˧˥?; how many people?; 几个人？; bæ˩bæ˩˥ | qʰɑ˧-bæ˩?; how many flowers?; 几朵花？; qʰɑ˧-ʑi˩?; how many families?; 几家？; hɑ˧ | qʰɑ˧-tɕʰi˩?; how many meals?; 几顿饭？; qʰɑ˧-ɲi˧?; how many days?; 几天？; qʰɑ˧-kʰv˧ gv˧-ze˩?; How old are you / is (s)he?; 几岁了？; qʰɑ˧-kʰv˧˥?; how many years?; 几年？; qʰɑ˧-kʰwɤ˧˥?; how many pieces?; 几块？; qʰɑ˧-nɑ˧?; how many (tools...)?; 几把？; sɯ˩tʰi˩˥ | qʰɑ˧-nɑ˧ dʑo˧?; How many knives are there?; 有几把刀？; qʰɑ˧-kʰɯ˩; how many (long objects); 几条; qʰɑ˧-kʰɯ˩ dʑo˩?; How many (long objects) are there?; 有几条？; qʰɑ˧-mæ˩ dʑo˩?; How much money do (you) have?; 有几块（钱）？; si˧dzi˩ | qʰɑ˧-dzi˩?; how many trees?; 几棵树？; si˧kɤ˧˥ | qʰɑ˧-kɤ˧˥?; how many branches?; 几枝树枝？; qʰɑ˧-kʰɤ˧˥?; how many baskets?; 几筐？

qʰɑ˧ adverb Tone: M. some. 几. morphosyntax.: tsʰe˩-qʰɑ˩˥; ten and a few more (i.e. between ten and twenty); 十几个、十来个; tsʰe˩-qʰɑ˩-kv˩˥; ten and a few more (i.e. between ten and twenty); 十几个、十来个

qʰɑ˧dze˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kɤ˧˥ sweet_corn. 玉米. plant.: qʰɑ˧dze˧-kʰɯ˩ʈɯ˩; the roots of the sweetcorn plant; 玉米的根; qʰɑ˧dze˧ qʰæ˩; to cut ears of sweetcorn, to snap off ears of sweetcorn; 采玉米：折断玉米棒子; qʰɑ˧dze˧ ɖʐɤ˧˥; to harvest sweetcorn, to pick sweetcorn; 采玉米; qʰɑ˧dze˧-tsɑ˩bɤ˩ | ɖɯ˧-mɤ˩; a little sweetcorn flour; 一点玉米粉; qʰɑ˧dze˧-hɑ˧bɤ˥, | qʰɑ˧dze˧-hɑ˧ɭɯ#˥, | qʰɑ˧dze˧-tsɑ˩bɤ˩; three forms of sweetcorn: sweetcorn ear; sweetcorn grains; sweetcorn flour; 玉米的三种形态：玉米棒子，玉米粒，玉米粉

qʰɑ˧dze˧-hwæ˩-di˩ noun Tone: °L. classifier: kɤ˧˥ beams_of_rack. 粮架的横梁. house.

qʰɑ˧dze˧-lv˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: pʰv˩ maize field, sweetcorn field. 包谷田. natural environment.

qʰɑ˧tɑ˧ pronoun Tone: M. when. 什么时候. morphosyntax.: qʰɑ˧tɑ˧ bi˧?; When will you go?; 你什么时候去？

qʰɑ˧-ʈʂʰɤ˧~ʈʂʰɤ˥ adjective completely_dry. 充分干燥. verb.: qʰɑ˧-ʈʂʰɤ˧~ʈʂʰɤ˥-gv˩; completely dry; 充分干燥; le˧-pv˧-zo˩, | qʰɑ˧ʈʂʰɤ˧ʈʂʰɤ˥-gv˩-ze˩!; Now it is dry: completely dry!; 现在，干了：全干了！

qʰɑ˩jɤ˩ pronoun Tone: L. how_many. 多少. morphosyntax.: qʰɑ˩jɤ˩ tʰi˥-ki˩?; How much does it cost?; 要给多少？ = 多少钱？; qʰɑ˩jɤ˩ ɲi˧?; How much do (you) need?; 要多少？; ɖʐe˧ | qʰɑ˩jɤ˩ ɲi˧?; How much money does it cost?; 要多少钱？

qʰɑ˩ne˩ pronoun Tone: L. how. 怎么样. morphosyntax.: qʰɑ˩ne˩ ʝi˥?; how to do / how is it done?; 怎么做？; qʰɑ˩ne˩ ʝi˥-tso˩-ɲi˩?; how must one do / how is it done?; 要怎么做？; qʰɑ˩ne˩ gv˩˥?; how to do / how is it done?; 怎么做？; qʰɑ˩ne˩ gv˩-ho˥-ze˩?; What happened?; 怎么样了？发展到什么程度？

qʰæ˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: pɤ˥ excrements. 屎. body.: qʰæ˧ ɖɯ˧-pɤ˧ ʂe˧˥; to defecate; 拉一泡屎; qʰæ˧ kv˥; to pick up dung; 捡（马……）屎; qʰæ˧-pi˩ kv˩; to pick up a little dung (to fertilize the fields); 捡一点（马……）屎; qʰæ˧ ɖɯ˧-pi˧ kv˥; as above: to pick up a little dung (to fertilize the fields); 同上：捡一点（马……）屎; qʰæ˧ kʰɯ˩; to fart; 放屁; qʰæ˧ | ɖɯ˧-pɤ˥ kʰɯ˩; to fart, to make a fart; 放一个屁

qʰæ˥ verb Tone: H. to_gnaw. 啃. verb.

qʰæ˥ adjective Tone: H. cold. 冷. adjective.: dʑɯ˩ qʰæ˩˥; cold water; 凉水; qʰæ˧-ɕjæ˧-gv˧; very cold; 冷得很

qʰæ˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kʰɯ˩ classifier: objets longs trench. 水沟. natural environment.

qʰæ˧ verb to_fart. 放屁. verb.

qʰæ˧ _b verb Tone: Mb. to_break. 断. verb.: le˧-qʰæ˧-ze˧; accomp _ pfv; 断了; si˧ qʰæ˩; to break wood; 砸木头

qʰæ˧kʰwɤ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ small_dam. 小水坝. natural environment.: qʰæ˧kʰwɤ˧ ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˧; a small dam; 一个小水坝

qʰæ˧lo˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: kʰɯ˩ small_trench. 小水渠. natural environment. See: qʰæ˧zo#˥

qʰæ˧mi˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kʰɯ˩ classifier: objets longs large_trench. 大水渠. natural environment.

qʰæ˧mo˩ noun Tone: L#. poisonous_mushroom. 有毒的一种菌子. plant.

qʰæ˧tv˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ anus. 肛门. body.

qʰæ˧tɕʰi˧ noun Tone: M. village_name. 开基村. place name.: ʈʂʰɯ˧ | qʰæ˧tɕʰi˧-hĩ˧ ɲi˥!; (S)he is from the village of Kaiji!; 他是开基村人！; dʑɤ˩bv˧kɤ˧-sɑ˥ʁwɤ˩, | hi˩ʁwɤ˩-lo˥, | æ˩mi˧-ʁwɤ#˥, | lɑ˧lo˧-ʁwɤ˥, | lɑ˧ŋwɤ˧, | bɤ˧tsʰo˧gv˥, | ə˧lɑ˧-ʁwɤ#˥, | gæ˧ɻæ˩, | qʰæ˧tɕʰi˧, | tʰo˧ʈɯ#˥; the ten villages traditionally considered as part of Yongning; 摩梭传统地理概念中，属于永宁的十个村落之一

qʰæ˧tɕʰi˧-ɬi˧dʑɯ˩ noun Tone: °L#. river_of_Yongning. 永宁坝的河流. place name.

qʰæ˧ʈæ˧˥ adjective Tone: MH#. Etym: qʰæ˩a 1. quiet. 安静. adjective.: qʰæ˧ʈæ˧˥ | tʰi˧-dzi˩; to sit quietly, free from toil and care; 安静地坐着; qʰæ˧ʈæ˧˥ | tʰi˧-ʝi˧; to work quietly; 安静地工作

qʰæ˧zo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kʰɯ˩ classifier: objets longs small_canal. 小水渠. natural environment. See: qʰæ˧lo˧˥

qʰæ˩ verb Tone: La. to_harvest. 采（玉米）. verb.: qʰɑ˧dze˧ qʰæ˩; to harvest sweet corn; 采玉米; qʰɑ˧dze˧ | le˧-qʰæ˩-ze˩; The sweetcorn has been harvested.; 玉米收好了。; qʰɑ˧dze˧ | ɖɯ˧-qʰæ˧~qʰæ˥-ɻ˩; to harvest some sweet corn; 去采些玉米

qʰæ˩ _a adjective Tone: La. fake. 假. adjective.: qʰæ˩-hĩ˩˥, | tʰɑ˧-ʐwɤ˩!; Do not tell lies! / Do not tell things that are false!; 假话，不要说！ =不要撒谎！; qʰæ˧ ʐwɤ˧; to tell lies; 撒谎、说谎

qʰæ˩ _a adjective Tone: La. well/quiet. 安乐. adjective.: hĩ˧ | ə˩-qʰæ˩˥?; How are you?; 你好吗？ / 一切好吗？; njɤ˧ | mɤ˧-qʰæ˩.; I don't feel well.; 我不舒服。; qʰæ˩-hĩ˩˥; rel; 轻松的

qʰæ˩bæ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: nɑ˧ spoon. 调羹. object.

qʰæ˩ʈv˩ɻæ˥ adjective Tone: L+H#. quiet. 安宁. adjective.: qʰæ˩ʈv˩ɻæ˥ | ɖɯ˧-dzi˩-ɻ˩; to sit quietly for a while; 安静地坐一会; qʰæ˩ʈv˩ɻæ˥-gv˩; peacefully; 安宁地

qʰæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_come_out. 出来. verb.: tʰi˧-qʰæ˧-ze˥; dur _ pfv; dur _ pfv

qʰæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_pull_down. 拆. verb.: ʑi˧qʰwɤ˧ qʰæ˧˥; to demolish a house; 拆房子

qʰæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_share. 分. verb.

qʰæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_shoot. 开枪. verb.: le˧-qʰæ˧-ze˥; accomp _ pfv; 开枪了; mv˧ʐe˧ qʰæ˩(-ze˩); to shoot with a gun; 开枪

qʰæ˧˥ adjective Tone: MH. happy. 幸福. adjective.: le˧-qʰæ˧-ze˥; accomp _ pfv; accomp _ pfv; lo˧ qʰæ˩; to work in a quiet, relaxed manner; 轻松工作

qʰæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_go_brown. 变黑. verb.: le˧-qʰæ˧-ze˥; accomp _ pfv; accomp _ pfv; mɤ˧ | le˧-qʰæ˧-ze˥; The oil has burned / has reached boiling point / has gone black!; 油焦了！; hɑ˧ | le˧-qʰæ˧-ze˥; The rice has burned / is overcooked.; 饭糊了。; v˩tsʰɤ˩˥ | hṽ˧~hṽ˧ F | le˧-qʰæ˧-ze˥!; The vegetables are going brown / are overcooked / are getting burnt from frying!; 菜都炒糊了！; ʂe˧ | hṽ˧~hṽ˧ F | le˧-qʰæ˧-ze˥!; The meat is going brown / is overcooked / is getting burnt from frying!; 肉都炒焦了！

qʰo˧ _a verb Tone: Ma. to_pile. 堆起来. verb.: lv˧mi˧ tʰi˧-qʰo˧; to pile up stones; 石头堆起来

qʰo˧lo˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ wheel. 轮子. object.

qʰo˧mo˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: pʰo˧˥ old_cow. 老牛. animal.

qʰo˩ _b verb Tone: Lb. to_invite. 邀请. verb.: hĩ˧ qʰo˧˥; to invite someone; 邀请人; hĩ˧bæ˧ qʰo˧˥; to invite a guest; 邀请客人; hĩ˧bæ˧ | qʰo˧-zo˧-ho˥; We should invite guests!; 需要请一下客人！; hĩ˧bæ˧ qʰo˧-di˧˥; Euphemism for 'rat poison'. This phrase is intended not to attract the mice's attention to these preparations.; ‘待客的东西’（老鼠药的委婉语。如果说出来要买老鼠药，老鼠会知道，就不会吃的。）; ɖɯ˧-qʰo˥~qʰo˩-ɻ˩; delimitative red inceptive; delimitative red inceptive：请一下; qʰo˩-mɤ˥-qʰo˩; to invite or not; 请不请; qʰo˩-mɤ˩-ho˥; ...will not invite; 不请了 / 不要请了

qʰo˩dv˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ hammer. 大锤子. object.: ʂe˩-qʰo˩dv˧˥; iron hammer; 铁锤子

qʰo˩mv˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ straw_hat. 斗笠. clothing.

qʰo˩tv˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ tree_stump. 树墩. plant.

qʰo˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_peck. 啄. verb.: hɑ˧ qʰo˩(-ze˩); to peck cereals; 啄粮食; hɑ˧ qʰo˥~qʰo˩ (-dʑo˩); to peck cereals; 啄粮食; æ˩-ɳɯ˥ | hɑ˧ qʰo˩; the chicken is pecking cereals; 鸡在啄粮食

qʰo˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_kill. 杀. verb.: bo˩ qʰo˧˥ / bo˩ qʰo˧-ze˥; to slaughter a pig; 杀猪; bo˩˥ | le˧-qʰo˧-ze˥; the pig has been slaughtered; 杀了猪; æ˩ qʰo˧˥; to kill a chicken; 杀鸡; ʝi˧ qʰo˩; to kill a cow; 杀牛

qʰv˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ sound. 声音. abstract.: ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ə˧tso˧ qʰv˧ ɲi˥?; What is this sound?; 这是什么声音？

qʰv˥ _a classifier Tone: Ha. clf .hamlets . 量词 .村落 . classifier.: ŋwɤ˧-qʰv˧, | tsʰe˧ɲi˧-ʑi˩; Five hamlets, twelve families! (This formula summarizes the statistics of the village of /ə˧lɑ˧-ʁwɤ#˥/); 五个村落，十二个家庭！（描写阿拉瓦村的情况）

qʰv˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ hole. 洞. natural environment. burrow. 野兽的洞穴.: ɖɤ˧-qʰv˧ (ton M); fox burrow; 狐狸的窝; ʂwæ˧ qʰv˧ (ton M); otter's burrow; 水獭的窝

qʰv˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ classifier: dze˩ classifier: paire horn. 犄角. animal.: ʝi˧-qʰv#˥; Ox horn. Ox horns are used as containers for drinking.; 牛角（过去，用牛角来当饮料容器）; ʈʂʰæ˧-qʰv˥; stag horn; 鹿角

qʰv˧dʑɯ˥$ noun Tone: H$. classifier: ɭɯ˧ hole. 窟窿. natural environment.: hwæ˧tsɯ˥-qʰv˩dʑi˩; mousehole; 耗子洞; qʰv˧dʑɯ˧ tsʰi˧ (-ze˩); to bore a hole; 挖一个洞

qʰv˧ɬi˧mi#˥ noun Tone: #H. 6th_month. 六月. time.

qʰv˧tʰv#˥ classifier Tone: #H. clf .hornful . 量词 .角 . classifier.: ɖɯ˧-qʰv˧tʰv#˥, | ɲi˧-qʰv˧tʰv#˥, | so˩-qʰv˩tʰv˩˥, | ʐv˧-qʰv˧tʰv#˥, | ŋwɤ˧-qʰv˧tʰv#˥, | qʰv˧-qʰv˧tʰv#˥, | ʂɯ˧-qʰv˧tʰv#˥, | hõ˧-qʰv˧tʰv#˥, | gv˧-qʰv˧tʰv#˥, | tsʰe˩-qʰv˩tʰv˩˥; association with numerals from 1 to 10; 与数词结合，一至十

qʰv˩ɖɯ˩ noun Tone: L. attachment. 关心. abstract.: qʰv˩ɖɯ˩ pʰv˥; to care for someone, to respect, to feel attachment to someone; 关心（一个人），重视（如：孩子重视父母）

qʰv˩ɖʐæ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: kʰɯ˩ string. 小绳子. agriculture.: qʰv˩ɖʐæ˩ ʈʂʰɯ˩-kʰɯ˥; n + dem + clf; 一条细的绳子

qʰv˩~qʰv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_fold. 折叠. verb.: qʰv˩~qʰv˧-ze˥; pfv; 折起来了; le˧-qʰv˩~qʰv˩; accomp; accomp

qʰv˩tsʰi˧˥ numeral Tone: LM+MH#. 60. 60. number.

qʰv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_huddle_up. 蜷缩. verb.: ɲi˧-qʰv˧˥ | tʰi˧-dzi˩; to be seated, leaning forward, torso bent towards the thighs; 坐着身体缩成一团; ɲi˧-qʰv˧-ʝi˥ | tʰi˧-dzi˩; to be seated, leaning forward, torso bent towards the thighs; 坐着身体缩成一团

qʰv˧˥ numeral Tone: MH. 6. 6. number.

qʰwæ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ message. 信息. object.: qʰwæ˧ po˧˥; to carry a letter; to convey a message; 带信息、传信息，传一封信; qʰwæ˧ kʰwɤ˧˥; to be in touch (with someone); 互相通信息、有联系（两个人互相通信息）; dɑ˧pɤ˧-qʰwæ#˥; the tales of the /dɑ˧pɤ˧/ priests; 达巴的故事

qʰwæ˧kʰwɤ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ gossip. 蜚语. abstract.: ɖɯ˧-zɯ˧ qʰwæ˧kʰwɤ˧; to tell a piece of gossip; 讲一点八卦

qʰwæ˧ɭɯ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kɤ˧˥ vegetable_garden. 菜园. house.

qʰwæ˧mi#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ message/information. 口信/信息. object.: qʰwæ˧mi˧ ʝi˧; to carry a message; 带一个口信

qʰwæ˧ʈɯ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: bɤ˧˥ kerchief. 头帕. clothing.

qʰwæ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: kɤ˧˥ fence. 篱笆. house.

qʰwæ˩ _a verb Tone: La. to_block. 挡住. verb.

qʰwæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_break/to_crack. 弄碎. verb.: ʁo˧do˧ qʰwæ˧˥; to crack walnuts; 敲开坚果（在永宁，不用夹子：用锤子敲开）

qʰwæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_slap. 掴. verb.: le˧-qʰwæ˧-ze˥; accomp _ pfv; 掴了; zɯ˧ɻ˧ qʰwæ˩; to slap/smack someone's cheek; 打嘴巴; zɯ˧ɻ˧ | ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˧ | tʰi˧-qʰwæ˧-bi˥!; I'm going to slap your cheek! (Said by an adult to a child); 我要打嘴巴了！（对孩子说）

qʰwæ˧˥ _a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .filaments . 量词 .丝 . classifier.

qʰwɤ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: pʰo˧˥ traces. 痕迹. body.

qʰwɤ˧ _a verb Tone: Ma. to_heal. 治好. verb.: le˧-qʰwɤ˧-ɲi˥!; It is healed! / It has healed!; 治好了！

qʰwɤ˧bi˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: bi˩ classifier: tʰv˧˥ hoof/foot. 马蹄. animal.: ʐwæ˧-qʰwɤ˧bi˥#; horse hoof; 马蹄、（马、狗……的）脚; kʰv˩-qʰwɤ˩bi˥#; dog's foot; 狗脚

qʰwɤ˧mi˥$ noun Tone: H$. large_bowl. 大碗. object. See: qʰwɤ˧pɤ˥$

qʰwɤ˧pɤ˥$ noun Tone: H$. large_bowl. 大碗. object. See: qʰwɤ˧mi˥$

qʰwɤ˧ʂe˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: nɑ˧ classifier: pʰo˧˥ horseshoe. 马蹄铁. object.: ʐwæ˧-qʰwɤ˧ʂe˥ (+ɲi˩); horseshoe; 马蹄铁

qʰwɤ˧to˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ tip_of_the_shoulder. 肩膀的末端. body.: hĩ˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧-v˧, | qʰwɤ˧to˩ | ɖɯ˧-pi˧˥ | ʂwæ˧-hṽ˩-di˩!; This person's shoulders are not quite straight! / His/her shoulders don't align!; 这个人的肩膀不正，一高一低！

qʰwɤ˧tʰv#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ bamboo_basket_for_water. 竹篓. object.

qʰwɤ˧tsʰi˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ shoulder. 肩膀. body.: qʰwɤ˧tsʰi˩-ʁo˩ | hwæ˧pʰæ˩ | ɖɯ˧-nɑ˧-ʈʂʰɯ˧ gɤ˧˥; to carry a hoe on the shoulder; 肩上扛一把锄头

qʰwɤ˧zo˥$ noun Tone: H$. small_bowl. 小碗. object.

qʰwɤ˩ _a adjective Tone: La. intelligent. 聪明. adjective.: qʰwɤ˩-hĩ˩˥; rel / nmlz; 聪明的; qʰwɤ˩-le˥!; (You are/(s)he is) clever! (A comment when someone says/does something clever); 很聪明！ / 太聪明了！; ɖwæ˧˥ | qʰwɤ˩˥!; intensive .very _; 很聪明！

qʰwɤ˩ _a adjective Tone: La. bad. 坏. adjective.: kʰv˧ | qʰwɤ˩-hĩ˩˥; a bad year (a year when crops are not good); （收成）不好的一年; kʰv˧ qʰwɤ˧˥; a bad year (a year when crops are not good); （收成）不好的一年; tsʰi˧-ʝi˧, | kʰv˧qʰwɤ˧ tʰv˧˥!; This year is a bad year! (=a year when crops are not good); 今年，年景不好！（收成不好）; ʈʂʰɯ˧ | nv˩mi˩˥ | ɖwæ˧˥ | qʰwɤ˩˥!; He has a really bad heart! / He is a really bad man!; 他心很坏！; qʰwɤ˩-ʝi˩˥; to do bad things: to damage stuff; to annoy people...; 干坏事：损坏东西，干扰人家……; ʈʂʰɯ˧-ɳɯ˧ | njɤ˧-bv˧ tso˧~tso˧ | le˧-qʰwɤ˩-ʝi˩-ze˩!; (S)he has damaged my stuff!; 他弄坏了我的东西！; hĩ˧ qʰwɤ˧-ʝi˥; to annoy people; 干扰人家、麻烦人; ʈʂʰɯ˧ | to˩to˧mi˥ hĩ˩ qʰwɤ˩-ʝi˩!; (S)he purposedly annoys people! / (S)he annoys people on purpose!; 他故意麻烦人！

qʰwɤ˩ɖɯ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: v˧ relatives. 亲戚. society.: ə˧zɯ˩ | qʰwɤ˩ɖɯ˩ ɲi˥; We two belong to the same family.; 咱们两个是一家人。; qʰwɤ˩ɖɯ˩˥, | v˩dze˩˥; family and friends, extended family circle; 亲人：泛指亲戚与亲密朋友们; qʰwɤ˩ɖɯ˩ to˥; to establish family ties between two families (through marriage); 建立起两个家庭之间的联系（通过婚姻）

qʰwɤ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ bowl. 碗. object.

qʰwɤ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ tale. 故事. abstract.: æ˧ʂæ˧-qʰwɤ˧˥; tale, folk tale; 老故事

qʰwɤ˧˥ _a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .bowlfuls . 量词 .碗 . classifier.

Corpus and dictionaries compiled with ANR funding.